CÂU HỎI TRẮC NGHIỆM - CHỦ ĐỀ 3 – NHỮNG VẤN ĐỀ ĐẶC BIỆT

Bài viết tổng hợp một số câu hỏi trắc nghiệm thường gặp trong đề thi CMA Part 2 thuộc nội dung Môn 2A - Chủ đề 3 – Những vấn đề đặc biệt.

CHƯƠNG 7: NHỮNG VẤN ĐỀ ĐẶC BIỆT KHI SỬ DỤNG CHỈ SỐ (SCPECIAL ISSUES WHEN USING RATIOS)

Câu hỏi: The company you work for recently changed its method of inventory pricing from average-cost to FIFO. You are an accountant for Brooks Incorporated, and you realize that this change will dramatically affect your inventory calculations. What should you do?

A. Make the necessary changes to this year's financial statements, but do not make any changes to previous years’ inventory records.

B. Make the necessary changes to this year's financial statements, and use a retrospective adjustment to the inventory accounts to compare this year's inventory to the previous years’ inventory.

C. Calculate all-new inventory amounts for the life of the company, and re-publish all the financial statements.

D. Prepare this year's financial statements with both the old inventory method and the new inventory method so they can be directly compared.

Diễn giải:

Câu hỏi đưa ra tình huống công ty bạn làm việc gần đây đã thay đổi phương pháp định giá hàng tồn kho từ chi phí trung bình sang FIFO. Bạn là kế toán cho Brooks Incorporated và bạn nhận ra rằng sự thay đổi này sẽ ảnh hưởng đáng kể đến việc tính toán hàng tồn kho của bạn. Vậy bạn nên làm gì.

Đáp án: B. Make the necessary changes to this year's financial statements, and use a retrospective adjustment to the inventory accounts to compare this year's inventory to the previous years’ inventory.

A change from average-cost to FIFO counts as a change in accounting principle since it is a change from one GAAP-accepted method to another GAAP-accepted method.

Retrospective application is required by the FASB for changes in accounting principle.

Under the retrospective approach, the new rules are used for the current period.

In addition, prior period statements presented are restated “as if” the new principle had always been used. This is required as it allows statement readers to see trends in financial statement figures using similar accounting treatment. This allows for better comparability of financial statements across periods.

If the past results are not restated, then financial statements from different years would be prepared using different methods. This reduces usefulness.

CHƯƠNG 8: CHẤT LƯỢNG THU NHẬP VÀ KHẢ NĂNG SINH LỜI (EARNING QUALITY AND EARNING POWER)

Câu hỏi: Which of the following companies would an analyst conclude has relatively low earnings quality?

A. II only

B. I and II

C. I, II and III

D. I and III

Diễn giải:

Câu hỏi đề cập đến một số hành động của một số công ty có thể thực hiện như: Một công ty tăng thu nhập ròng bằng cách giảm chi tiêu cho quảng cáo (increases its net income by reducing spending on advertising); Một công ty tăng thu nhập ròng bằng cách giảm chi tiêu cho đào tạo nhân viên (increases its net income by reducing spending on employee training); Một công ty tăng thu nhập ròng bằng cách giảm chi tiêu cho các tiện ích (increases its net income by reducing spending on utilities). Từ thông tin trên, những công ty nào mà dựa trên các hành động đó nhà phân tích sẽ kết luận được rằng chất lượng thu nhập tương đối thấp.

Đáp án: B. I and II

I. A company that increases its net income by reducing spending on advertising

Reducing advertising spending can have a negative long-term impact on a company's market presence and sales growth. While it may boost short-term earnings, it could harm future profitability. This action suggests lower earnings quality because it is not sustainable and could jeopardize future earnings potential.

II. A company that increases its net income by reducing spending on employee training

Cutting employee training can also lead to long-term issues, such as lower productivity, reduced innovation, and higher turnover rates. Similar to reducing advertising spending, this measure improves short-term earnings but potentially at the expense of future performance. Therefore, this also indicates lower earnings quality.

III. A company that increases its net income by reducing spending on utilities

Reducing spending on utilities, such as energy or water, typically involves improving efficiency or making operational adjustments. While it may involve some initial investment, such measures can be sustainable and might not negatively affect future operations. Therefore, this action does not necessarily indicate lower earnings quality.

Based on this analysis:

• I and II: Both reducing advertising and employee training are likely to harm future earnings and suggest lower earnings quality.
• III: Reducing utility spending might be a sustainable and responsible cost-saving measure, suggesting it does not necessarily affect earnings quality negatively.