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Introduction:
1. Read by individually the following information from those case studies
2. Discuss in your group and be prepared to share your responses to the interviewers
(You have 20 minutes for complete requirements 1 and 2)
3. Have the group presentation in next 10 minutes
4. Have the group answer the follow up questions by interviewers in 10 minutes
Case study 1:
Vietnam is proposing to increase VAT (value - added tax): 6%, 12% with the previous tax
rate 5%, 10% respectively. What do you think about this issue?
Answer:
We can use the framework as follow:
Find out the positive and negative points when increasing tax rate
Choose personal perspective.
Positive points:
Increase the national budget through the collection
Tax is the main income of government. Government uses tax to pay social welfare such
as medical services, traffic facilities, and community. If tax increases, the quality of these
services will also increase
Because the budget that government has to pay is higher than the tax revenue that it
receives, there is a budget deficit. If tax increases, government can balance the national
budget
Keep up with international practices
Other countries’ national debts are growing gradually. It is a trend for many countries
even developed countries to raise their indirect taxes to restructure national revenue.
It is a trend for many countries to reduce income tax and increase VAT tax. This is
efficient because when income tax is reduced, the purchasing of consumers are
growing. Besides that, VAT tax increases means that interest rate from each transaction
is also increased
Make up for other taxes that have been abolished (import tax, special consumption tax)
Many kind of import tax are reduced. Therefore increasing tax to fill the national
revenue
Import taxes are reduced leads to the decrease in the price of import goods. This raises
the competitiveness between the import goods and domestic goods. Therefore, the
price of domestic goods will also decrease.
Negative points:
Increase of prices, affect the social security
The enterprises will mainly suffer from the consequence of increasing taxes. This leads
to the increase in price
If taxes increase and the income of consumers keep stable, the purchasing power will be
weakened. The enterprises are still the sufferers.
Increasing taxes make the purchasing power decreased. This contrasts with the policy
that raise the demand.
Increase the gap between the rich and the poor
In many countries, raising taxes only applies to people who have stable income. Taxes will be shared with the poor. Rising taxes in Vietnam applies to the poor and people who have low income. This isn’t like the policy of raising taxes in many countries
Not sure that the national budget improves
The economic situation is underdeveloped.
If the enterprises mainly suffer from the consequence of rising taxes, the economy
won’t be developed
The desire to invest will decrease. This effects negatively the income of government
The income of enterprise decreases leads to the decrease in national revenue
The enterprise loan National Bank money to maintain business and can’t pay this loan
causes deficit in the national budget
Case study 2:
Hanoi is proposing banning motorbikes in the urban from 2030. What do you think about
this issue?
Answer:
We can use the framework as follow:
Find out the positive and negative points when banning the motorbikes in the urban
Choose personal perspective.
Positive points:
Reduce pollution, noise, traffic jams and traffic accidents
Vietnam has more than 37 million motorbikes and 1.6 million cars. Among the
population of 90 million, most adults use motorbikes as the most common means of
transport. This leads to many environment problems such as: air pollution, noise, traffic
jam and traffic accidents
Air pollution has gone beyond safety limits, due largely to the rise of vehicles and the
use of fossil fuel. The emission from motorbikes affects negatively people’s health
The number accidents of motorbike are gradually growing because of low awareness
Make Hanoi more modern
Many modern cities in the world are using cars and public transportations instead of
motorbikes. If Hanoi bans motorbikes, this will come up to the developing progress of
modern life
This is convenient in some way. It makes the city considerably cleaner and wider. It also
improves the behavior of people who use traffic vehicles. The modern behaviors will
lead to a civilized community
Many foreign tourists have obsessed with the traffic jam of Vietnam. If motorbike is
banned, the traffic jam will be improved. This may result in the increasing in the number
of tourist
Formation of modern transportation system with the automation
Because car is an expensive vehicle, many people in Vietnam can’t afford to buy it.
Therefore public transportation will be the perfect replacement of motorbike. If the
need of this kind of transportation increases, the formation of modern transportation
system with the automation will develop.
Because the science is improving every day, many kinds of machine that is automated
will be made to serve people’s need.
The modern transportation system with the automation will be long – term investment
Negative points:
It takes time to build a public transportation system that meets the needs of the people
Many public transportations can’t meet the demands of people because their routes are
limited. You can’t go as far as you want like when you use a motorbike.
We need enough public transportations which can serve great number of people who
used to use motorbike.
Building a public transportation system is a long-term investment that needs several
years and a great capital. Therefore, government should make a careful plan to solve
this problem
Urban planning in Hanoi is not typical of a modern city
Public transportation at the present is too weak
The only available public transportation at the present is bus which can’t serve people
who live in urban areas.
The poor traffic facilities makes public transportations difficult to go around the city.
Consciousness of the people will not keep up with this trend
People in Vietnam prefer to using motorbikes instead of cars because they can’t afford
to buy a car
Cars are more easily stuck in a traffic jam than motorbikes.
Many people think that public transportations are always full of people that makes
annoying and inconvenient in some ways
Case study 3:
Should the school publicize the grades of their students?
Answer:
We can use the framework as follow:
Find out the positive and negative points when public the student’s grades
Choose personal perspective.
Positive points:
Creating more competition
Children are aggressive. They want to be paid a compliment by adults. Therefore, if
other has higher grade, they may feel annoying in some way
Students will know their situations and makes every efforts to keep up with their friends
Posting grades publicly in a classroom creates positive competition. There is no reward
for being the best; this keeps students from doing anything to harm other students to
be the best, but keeps the prestige of being the best in the system.
Students need to take responsibility
Many children think that they have to get great mark to pleasure their parents.
Students are always taught to be excellent in every subject. But even adults can’t do
that. By posting grades, students can see that there are some subject areas they will
excel in and some they may not. This will help them to find a curriculum that is suitable
for them.
Motivating the student by letting them know where they are standing
Publishing students’ grades will raise the awareness of the importance of studying
If they know where they are standing, they will find a suitable solution to improve their
grades
Praising the students who doing well will be the mirror for everyone.
For other students, the praised students is the motivation for them to keep working
hard to become the good students who are praised.
For the praised students, their high grades published make them proud of themselves.
Publishing the grade of students who doing well will encourage them to do better next
time
The students who didn’t get good mark will try hard to keep up with the outstanding
students
It will give opportunities for the students learn from the better ones
Negative points:
Pushing the students over the breaking points
Every students has their own limited endeavor. Even they tried their best, they couldn’t
get good mark
Students will feel ashamed when everyone knows their grades
Students may blame his or her self for getting bad mark
It is humiliating
For the students who are not very confidence about themselves, they don’t want
everybody to know about their qualification even they aren’t bad at all. Publishing their
grades doesn’t help them improve their confidence but make them feel very bad at
themselves. Their performances would be worse and worse.
We learn to respects other and if it is not shown by that teacher, it could them to drop
out of school, stop performing and changing their willingness to learn
Not only create stress to the students, but also create an environment for frauds
This is really threatening to the students who don’t study well
It will raise the discrimination between students
Even the most outstanding student may be bullied because of jealousness
Every students has their own strength.
It is not necessary for students to be excellent at all subjects
Every students has subjects that they are not good at or at least doesn’t perform very
well. Publishing their grades may lead to the lack of motivations for them to learn the
very subjects. They will get tired of that subjects and don’t want to improve their grades
because they don’t find it interesting doing that.ư
Case study 4:
Most of higher level positions in companies are filled be men even though the workforce in
many developed countries is more than 50 per cent female. Companies should be required
to allocate a certain percentage of these position to women. What do you think about this
issue?
Answer:
We can use the framework as follow:
Find out the positive and negative points when public the student’s grades
Choose personal perspective.
Positive points:
Equal rights and opportunities for men and women
Women also have the right to organize the company
They also have the opportunities to get the higher position if they have enough ability
Men and women are equal to the responsibility to run the company
It avoids discrimination
Anti – discrimination means that women have the same right and responsibility as men.
It’s necessary to share the position equally to men and women
It creates a pleasant work environment to have a better balance of the genders in
management and senior levels
If only men hold the high position, the employee which are women won’t be persuaded
It creates a supportive work environment for other female employees to know that a
certain percentage of management is also female
Woman can ensure balanced working environment, innovation, satisfied customers and
women empowerment which are key ingredients to a sustainable progress.
When half of the decision makers in a large company are females, they can bring diverse
perspectives and innovation to the company
Women have valuable skills of communication and diplomacy for high level position.
Women in higher positions like in police force can better understand the crimes and
injustice involving women and can propose better solutions to these issues
Almost every large company has a great portion of female consumers and having some
female key employees would only ensure ways to attract more female customers and
better serve them.
Negative points:
It is not realistic to stipulate a certain percentage of one gender
Companies cannot be sure that they will receive suitable female applicants to fill a
certain percentage of senior position
This forces companies to fulfill percentage even though it may be to their detriment
Senior position should be allocated based on experience, skills and qualifications, not
gender.